1. Nuna roba kamar elasticity
Rubber ya sha bamban da makamashin roba da ke nunawa ta hanyar ma'aunin roba mai tsayi (Matsalar Matasa).Yana nufin abin da ake kira "ƙwaƙwalwar roba" wanda za'a iya dawo da shi har ma da ɗaruruwan kashi na nakasawa dangane da elasticity na entropy da aka haifar ta hanyar raguwa da sake dawo da makullin kwayoyin halitta.
2. Nuna viscoelasticity na roba
Bisa ga dokar Hooke, abin da ake kira jiki na viscoelastic tare da kaddarorin tsaka-tsaki tsakanin jikin roba da cikakken ruwa.Wato don ayyuka irin su nakasar da sojojin waje ke haifarwa, lokaci da yanayin zafi sun mamaye su, kuma suna nuna abubuwan ban mamaki na rarrafe da shakatawa na damuwa.A lokacin rawar jiki, akwai bambance-bambancen lokaci a cikin damuwa da nakasawa, wanda kuma yana nuna asarar hysteresis.Ana nuna asarar makamashi ta hanyar samar da zafi bisa ga girmansa.Bugu da ƙari, a cikin al'amura masu ƙarfi, ana iya lura da dogaro na lokaci-lokaci, wanda ya dace da ƙa'idar canjin zafin lokaci.
3. Yana da aikin anti vibration da buffering
Haɗin kai tsakanin laushi, elasticity, da viscoelasticity na roba yana nuna ikonsa na rage sauti da watsawar girgiza.Don haka ana amfani da shi a cikin matakan rage hayaniya da gurɓataccen girgiza.
4. Akwai mahimmancin dogaro akan zafin jiki
Ba wai kawai roba ba, amma yawancin kayan jiki na kayan polymer gabaɗaya suna shafar zafin jiki, kuma roba yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ga viscoelasticity, wanda kuma zafin jiki ya shafa sosai.Gabaɗaya, roba yana da saurin haɓakawa a ƙananan yanayin zafi;A yanayin zafi mai yawa, jerin matakai kamar laushi, rushewa, iskar oxygenation na thermal, bazuwar thermal, da konewa na iya faruwa.Bugu da ƙari, saboda roba ne na halitta, ba shi da jinkirin harshen wuta.
5. Halayen rufin lantarki
Kamar robobi, roba asalin insulator ne.An yi amfani da shi a cikin fata mai rufewa da sauran fannoni, halayen haɗin wutar lantarki kuma suna da tasiri saboda nau'i daban-daban.Bugu da kari, akwai rubbers masu ɗaukar nauyi waɗanda ke rage juriya da ƙarfi don hana wutar lantarki.
6. Al'amarin tsufa
Idan aka kwatanta da lalatar ƙarfe, itace, dutse, da lalacewar robobi, sauye-sauyen kayan aiki da yanayin muhalli ke haifarwa an san su da abubuwan tsufa a cikin masana'antar roba.Gabaɗaya, yana da wahala a faɗi cewa roba abu ne mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.UV haskoki, zafi, oxygen, ozone, mai, kaushi, kwayoyi, danniya, vibration, da dai sauransu su ne manyan dalilan tsufa.
7. Bukatar ƙara sulfur
Hanyar haɗa sarkar kamar polymers na roba tare da sulfur ko wasu abubuwa ana kiranta sulfur ƙari.Saboda raguwar kwararar filastik, haɓakar haɓaka, ƙarfi, da sauran kaddarorin jiki sun inganta, kuma ana faɗaɗa yawan zafin jiki na amfani, yana haifar da ingantaccen aiki.Baya ga sulfur sulfidation dace da elastomers tare da biyu shaidu, akwai kuma peroxide sulfidation da ammonium sulfidation ta amfani da peroxides.A cikin roba thermoplastic, wanda kuma aka sani da roba kamar robobi, akwai kuma wadanda ba sa bukatar karin sulfur.
8. Formula da ake bukata
A cikin roba roba, an keɓance keɓancewa inda ba'a buƙatar tsari irin su polyurethane (sai dai ma'aikatan haɗin gwiwa).Gabaɗaya, roba yana buƙatar tsari iri-iri.Yana da mahimmanci a koma ga nau'i da adadin ƙididdiga da aka zaɓa a matsayin "kafa tsari" a cikin fasahar sarrafa roba.Sassan dabarar dabarar da ta dace da manufa da aikin da ake buƙata ana iya cewa fasahar masana'antun sarrafa abubuwa daban-daban.
9. Sauran siffofi
(a) Musamman nauyi
Dangane da danyen roba, roba na halitta ya tashi daga 0.91 zuwa 0.93, EPM ya fito daga 0.86 zuwa 0.87 kasancewa mafi karami, kuma fluororubber ya fito daga 1.8 zuwa 2.0 shine mafi girma.Rubber mai aiki ya bambanta bisa ga dabara, tare da takamaiman nauyi na kusan 2 don carbon baki da sulfur, 5.6 don mahaɗin ƙarfe kamar zinc oxide, kuma kusan 1 don ƙirar halitta.A lokuta da yawa, ƙayyadaddun nauyin nauyi ya fito daga 1 zuwa 2. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a cikin lokuta na musamman, akwai kuma samfurori tare da nauyin nauyi irin su fina-finai masu sauti da aka cika da foda mai gubar.Gabaɗaya, idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfe da sauran kayan, ana iya cewa ya fi sauƙi.
(b) Tauri
Gabaɗaya, yana ƙoƙarin zama mai laushi.Ko da yake akwai da yawa tare da ƙananan taurin ƙasa, yana yiwuwa kuma a iya samun manne mai wuyar kama da roba na polyurethane, wanda za'a iya canza shi bisa ga tsari daban-daban.
(c) Na'urar iska
Gabaɗaya, yana da wahala a yi amfani da iska da sauran iskar gas azaman kayan rufewa.Rubber Butyl yana da kyawawan ƙarancin numfashi, yayin da roba siliki ya fi sauƙin numfashi.
(d) Rashin ruwa
Gabaɗaya, yana da kaddarorin hana ruwa, mafi girman yawan sha ruwa fiye da robobi, kuma yana iya kaiwa dubun-duba cikin ɗari cikin ruwan tafasasshen ruwa.A gefe guda kuma, dangane da juriya na ruwa, saboda dalilai kamar zafin jiki, lokacin nutsewa, da shiga tsakani na acid da alkali, polyurethane rubber yana iya fuskantar tsagawar ruwa.
(e) Juriya na ƙwayoyi
Gabaɗaya, yana da juriya mai ƙarfi ga ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma kusan dukkanin roba na iya jure ƙarancin alkali.Yawancin rubbers suna raguwa lokacin da suke hulɗa da acid mai ƙarfi.Ko da yake ya fi juriya ga fatty acid irin su kwayoyin halitta irin su barasa da ether.Amma a cikin hydrogen carbide, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, phenolic mahadi, da dai sauransu, ana iya mamaye su cikin sauƙi kuma suna haifar da kumburi da rauni.Bugu da ƙari, dangane da juriya na mai, da yawa za su iya jure wa dabbobi da man kayan lambu, amma za su yi lahani kuma suna da saurin kumburi lokacin da suke hulɗa da man fetur.Bugu da ƙari kuma, ana rinjayar shi da abubuwa kamar nau'in roba, nau'i da adadin tsari, da zafin jiki.
(f) Sanya juriya
Siffa ce da ake bukata musamman a fagagen tayoyi, sirara bel, takalmi, da sauransu. Idan aka kwatanta da sawa da ke haifarwa ta hanyar zamewa, lalacewa mai tsauri ya fi matsala.Rubber polyurethane, roba na halitta, roba butadiene, da dai sauransu suna da kyakkyawan juriya na lalacewa.
(g) Juriya ga gajiya
Yana nufin dorewa yayin maimaita lalacewa da girgiza.Ko da yake bin yana da wuyar haifar da raguwa da ci gaba saboda dumama, yana da alaƙa da canje-canjen kayan da ke haifar da tasirin injiniya.SBR ya fi na roba na halitta dangane da tsagewar tsara, amma girman girman sa yana da sauri kuma mara kyau.Yana shafar nau'in roba, girman ƙarfi, saurin nakasu, da wakili mai ƙarfafawa.
(h) Karfi
Rubber yana da Properties tensile (karfin karaya, elongation,% modulus), ƙarfin matsawa, ƙarfin ƙarfi, ƙarfin hawaye, da sauransu. wakilai da masu ƙarfafawa.
(i) Juriya na harshen wuta
Yana nufin kwatancen ƙarfin wuta da adadin konewa na kayan lokacin da suka haɗu da wuta.Duk da haka, digo, gubar samar da iskar gas, da adadin hayaki suma batutuwa ne.Saboda roba kwayoyin halitta ne, ba zai iya zama mara ƙonewa ba, amma kuma yana haɓakawa zuwa ga kaddarorin da ke hana wuta, kuma akwai kuma robar da ke da kaddarorin wuta kamar fluororubber da chloroprene roba.
(j) Manne
Gabaɗaya, yana da kyau adhesion.Narkar da a cikin wani ƙarfi da kuma hõre ga m aiki, wannan hanya za a iya cimma m Properties na roba tsarin.An haɗa tayoyin da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa bisa ga ƙari na sulfur.Ana amfani da roba na halitta da SBR a haƙiƙanin haɗin gwiwa na roba zuwa roba, roba zuwa fiber, roba zuwa filastik, roba zuwa karfe, da sauransu.
(k) Guba
A cikin samar da roba, wasu stabilizers da plasticizers sun ƙunshi abubuwa masu cutarwa, kuma ya kamata a lura da abubuwan da ke tushen cadmium.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-08-2024
